Name a risk factor that contributes to the development of coronary artery disease.

Smoking is a significant risk factor that contributes to the development of coronary artery disease. This is primarily due to the toxic substances found in tobacco smoke that damage the endothelial lining of blood vessels, leading to atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This process narrows the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart and increasing the risk of angina, heart attacks, and other cardiovascular issues.

Moreover, smoking promotes inflammation, increases blood clotting, and alters lipid profiles, often raising levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol while decreasing HDL ("good") cholesterol. This multifaceted impact on vascular health further exacerbates the risk of coronary artery disease compared to individuals who do not smoke or who engage in healthier lifestyle choices.

In contrast, regular exercise, low cholesterol diets, and controlled blood sugar levels are protective factors that contribute to heart health and reduce the likelihood of developing coronary artery disease. These factors work by improving overall cardiovascular health, maintaining healthy weight levels, and managing blood pressure and cholesterol levels effectively.