What are common symptoms of congestive heart failure?

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart's ability to pump blood is compromised, leading to a host of symptoms related to fluid overload and reduced cardiac output. The correct choice highlights symptoms that are commonly associated with CHF.

Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a hallmark symptom, especially during exertion or when lying flat (orthopnea). This occurs as fluid backs up into the lungs due to increased pressure in the heart. Fatigue is another prevalent symptom, as the body struggles to circulate blood effectively, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. Edema, which refers to swelling, typically occurs in the legs, ankles, and lungs, stemming from fluid retention—another classic feature of heart failure.

In contrast, the other choices present symptoms that are less characteristic of congestive heart failure. Chest pain and syncope are more indicative of acute coronary events or arrhythmias than heart failure itself. Symptoms like palpitations, insomnia, and dry skin may emerge in different cardiovascular or systemic conditions but are not central to the diagnosis of CHF. Dizziness, heartburn, and increased appetite also do not correlate strongly with the clinical presentation typically linked with congestive heart failure.

Understanding these symptoms is vital