What condition is indicated by reduced blood flow to the heart due to plaque?

Reduced blood flow to the heart due to plaque buildup is indicative of coronary artery disease. This condition occurs when cholesterol and other substances form plaques in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. As these plaques grow, they narrow the arteries, leading to decreased blood flow. This can cause chest pain (angina) and increases the risk of heart attacks due to the potential for the plaque to rupture and form a clot.

In contrast, the other conditions listed do not primarily result from plaque-induced reduced blood flow. Pericarditis refers to inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart, and is not directly related to coronary artery obstructions. Heart block involves issues with the electrical conduction system of the heart, leading to abnormal heart rhythms rather than a direct effect of decreased blood flow caused by plaque. Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat that can result from a variety of underlying issues and does not specifically relate to reduced blood flow due to plaque. Thus, the correct identification of coronary artery disease highlights its critical role in heart health.