What is one potential consequence of untreated hypertension on the heart?

Untreated hypertension can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is a thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle. This occurs because the heart has to work harder to pump blood against increased resistance in the arterial system. Over time, this increased workload can result in structural changes within the heart, including the enlargement of the left ventricle.

The consequence of left ventricular hypertrophy includes a higher risk of developing various cardiovascular complications, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and ischemic heart disease. The thickened heart muscle may initially increase the heart's pumping efficacy; however, it can ultimately lead to impaired diastolic filling and reduced cardiac output over time. Recognizing this condition is crucial since it serves as both a sign of existing heart strain and a risk factor for further cardiovascular problems.

In contrast, increased exercise tolerance, decreased heart rate, and improved cardiac output do not typically result from untreated hypertension. Instead, these outcomes would suggest a healthy cardiovascular response, which is not characteristic of the effects of uncontrolled hypertension.