Which class of drugs is typically used for heart rate control in atrial fibrillation?

The use of beta-blockers for heart rate control in atrial fibrillation is well-supported in clinical practice. These medications work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, leading to a decrease in heart rate and a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand. This is particularly important in atrial fibrillation, where rapid ventricular rates can occur, potentially leading to symptoms such as palpitations, fatigue, and even heart failure.

Beta-blockers, such as metoprolol and atenolol, are effective in managing the increased heart rate associated with atrial fibrillation by slowing conduction through the AV node, which helps control the ventricular response during episodes.

While other classes of medications may also be utilized in the management of atrial fibrillation, such as calcium channel blockers for rate control, beta-blockers are often preferred due to their additional benefits, including improved exercise capacity and reduction of arrhythmia-related symptoms, especially in patients with concurrent coronary artery disease or heart failure.

In contrast, ACE inhibitors primarily focus on blood pressure control and managing heart failure but do not directly impact heart rate control. Diuretics address fluid overload situations and may help relieve symptoms of heart failure but do not play a significant role in heart rate regulation.